Differnece Between VGA Compatible Text Mode and Graphics Modes vs Modern Graphics Hardware

Differnece Between VGA Compatible Text Mode and Graphics Modes vs Modern
Graphics Hardware

I am under the assumption that modern graphics hardware for "somewhat"
modern PCs can be implemented in many different ways. Thus, the questions
in this post might not have specific answers. General explanations to the
questions below about the differences between "VGA-compatible text mode
and graphics modes" and "modern graphics hardware" will suffice.
Q1: Are the addresses (see below) used by VGA-compatible text mode and
graphics modes different from those used by modern graphics hardware?
Assuming this to be true, what are the general techniques for obtaining
this new address on a given piece of modern graphics hardware?
0xA0000 for EGA/VGA graphics modes (64 KB)
0xB0000 for monochrome text mode (32 KB)
0xB8000 for color text mode and CGA-compatible graphics modes (32 KB)
Q2: How do modern operating systems (e.g. Linux, Windows, and Macs) obtain
better resolutions than that offered by VGA-compatible text Mode and
graphics modes given the lack of modern graphics hardware?
Definitions:
Modern Graphics Hardware: Any discrete or on board device that provides
for possible higher screen resolutions. Eg. Intel's on-board graphics
chips or an ATI/NVIDIA discrete graphics card.
References: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_Graphics_Array